Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+.

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA = propanoyl-CoA + CO2.

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA.

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol + NADP+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + NADPH + H+.

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of mevalonate on C-5 to form 5-phosphomevalonate.

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+.

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.

The chemical reactions involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.

Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.

Catalysis of transport of a solute against a concentration gradient using a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical, electrical and solar sources.

The chemical reactions involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.

The chemical reactions involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.