Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

A series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Interacting selectively with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.

hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.

A series of reactions initiated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is sequestered by the inhibitor I-kappaB, and is released when I-kappaB is phosphorylated by activated I-kappaB kinase.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.

A nuclear DNA polymerase with proofreading exonuclease activity. High processivity in the absence of PCNA. Also involved in nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.

A multisubunit complex that uses ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin. Unlike other known chromatin remodeling complexes, CHRAC can also function during chromatin assembly; it uses ATP to convert irregular chromatin into a regular array of nucleosomes with even spacing.

Catalysis of the release of a N-terminal proline from a peptide.

The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.

induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals

Any process induced by extracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

Interacting selectively with biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.