The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.

The control of the osmotic activity of the fluid in a cell.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.

The chemical reactions involving D-amino acids, the dextrorotatory isomers of amino acids.

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.

cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.

cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)

The small subunit of a eukaryotic cytosolic ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 40S. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.

The breakdown into simpler components of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions.

mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex

A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.