The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).

The breakdown into simpler components of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.

The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.

The transformation of simpler substances into more complex ones in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.

Any of a group of related cytoplasmic, membrane bound organelles that are found in most animal cells and that contain a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.

The breakdown into simpler components of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.

A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.

A membrane-bound organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.

Small irregularly shaped intracellular vesicles to which endocytosed molecules are initially delivered.

A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and the regulatory particle that caps the proteasome core complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).

The formation from simpler components of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.

The breakdown into simpler components of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.