A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the cell and result in cell death. Apoptosis begins internally with condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus (blebbing) while the plasma membrane remains intact. Other characteristics of apoptosis include DNA fragmentation and the exposition of phosphatidylserine.

A process which directly inhibits any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

The chemical reactions involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.

A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.

Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in striated muscle tissue.

regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.

The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.

substrate-bound cell migration, cell extension

The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.