The chemical reactions involving dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.

The chemical reactions involving fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation. It exists as a secreted protein and in a membrane-bound form, and exhibits a novel C-X-X-X-C cysteine signature motif. The counterpart of human fractalkine is murine neurotactin; fractalkine is also referred to as CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine or ABCD-3 and has been renamed CX3CL1.

The alteration of cellular processes due to exposure to lowered oxygen tension.

The formation from simpler components of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP.

regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation from simpler components of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.

Interacting selectively with zinc (Zn) ions.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.

A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plama membrane and is derived from the lysosome.

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.