Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Preferential cleavage: hydrophobic, preferably aromatic, residues in P1 and P1' positions. Cleaves Phe1-Val2, Gln4-His5, Glu13-Ala14, Ala14-Leu15, Leu15-Tyr16, Tyr16-Leu17, Gly23-Phe24, Phe24-Phe25 and Phe25-Tyr26 bonds in the B chain of insulin.

Catalysis of the cleavage of Leu-Xaa bond in angiotensinogen to generate angiotensin I.

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).

Progression through the second phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and separate the two chromatids in each chromosome.

Progression through prophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic prophase.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide linkages in oligopeptides or polypeptides; a cysteine residue is at the active center.

regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Catalysis of the preferential cleavage of Tyr-Xaa, Met-Xaa or Arg-Xaa with Leu or Val as the P2 residue.

Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).

positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Enables the directed movement of formate into, out of, within or between cells. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.

The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.

The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of, within or between cells. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.