The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances.

The chemical reactions involving thiamin (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.

The formation from simpler components of thiamin (vitamin B1), and related compounds.

The series of events required for a pheromone to be detected and converted to a molecular signal.

The chemical reactions involving riboflavin (vitamin B2) or any of its derivatives.

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + organic acid.

The formation from simpler components of riboflavin (vitamin B2) or any of its derivatives.

Interacting selectively with a component of the extracellular matrix.

dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + D-fructose 6-phosphate = L-glutamate + D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.

Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3).

Catalysis of the cleavage of a signal peptide from a protein precursor by an aspartic endopeptidase mechanism.

regulator of G-protein signaling activity

regulator of G-protein signalling activity

Inhibits signal transduction the GTPase activity of G-protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form.

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor.

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+.