retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi

retrograde (vesicle recycling within Golgi) transport

The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).

Responses induced by any reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.

Responses induced by superoxide (the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion).

Response induced by any oxygen radical (any oxygen species that carries a free electron, examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion).

cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are heterodimeric enzymes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.