Small irregularly shaped intracellular vesicles to which endocytosed molecules are initially delivered.

A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and the regulatory particle that caps the proteasome core complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).

The formation from simpler components of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.

The breakdown into simpler components of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.

energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds

respiratory chain complex III (sensu Eukaryota)

A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).

The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.

respiratory chain complex IV (sensu Eukaryota)

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Found in eukaryotes.

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.

proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (sensu Eukaryota)

The complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in mitochondria, during oxidative phosphorylation; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).

energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.