Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process by which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

generation of precursor metabolites and energy

The formation from simpler components of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.

main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.

The breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into simpler components, including pyruvate.

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.

The process by which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ = L-gamma-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+.

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two C02 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of fungi that act to protect the cell or organism.