The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of, within or between cells.

The chemical reactions involving DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + dihydrobiopterin + H2O.

The directed movement of L-glutamate, the levorotatory isomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.

Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide.

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + diphosphate + CO2 = pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.

The covalent linking of a cofactor to a protein.

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + diphosphate = nicotinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.

The directed movement of L-histidine, the levorotatory isomer of 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.