A series of molecular signals in which an ion or small molecule is formed or released into the cytosol, thereby helping relay the signal within the cell.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a cyclic nucleotide to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.

Catalysis of the covalent addition of a farnesyl (15-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.

The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.

The chemical reactions involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.