Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

A series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Interacting selectively with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.

hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.

A series of reactions initiated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is sequestered by the inhibitor I-kappaB, and is released when I-kappaB is phosphorylated by activated I-kappaB kinase.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.

The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.

induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals

Any process induced by extracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

Interacting selectively with biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.

induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal di- or tripeptides from a polypeptide chain.

regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between the cytoplasm and its surroundings.

Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.

induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals

Any process induced by intracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.