A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form nets within basement membranes.

The specific actions or reactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction.

A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.

Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine + NADP+ = 3-dehydrosphinganine + NADPH + H+.

A defense response that is mediated by cells.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.

A change in state or activity of an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) that occurs in response to stress, usually, but not necessarily exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).