The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.

The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate to directly drive the transport of a substance.

The chemical reactions involving L-ascorbic acid, a carbohydrate-like vitamin containing six carbon atoms per molecule. Widely distributed in fruit and vegetables.

Interacting selectively with both a protein or protein complex and a membrane, in order to maintain the localization of the protein at a specific location on the membrane.

The formation from simpler components of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.

The inhibition of the passage of calcium ions through a calcium channel; the function of some venoms.

Interacting selectively with any component on the surface of a cell.

The formation from simpler components of pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.

Interacting selectively with any component on the surface of a eukaryotic cell.

The chemical reactions involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.

Interacting selectively with an angiotensin receptor.

Interacting selectively with a type 1 angiotensin receptor.

Interacting selectively with a type 2 angiotensin receptor.

Interacting selectively with a bombesin receptor.

oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond

oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with other acceptors