Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein APG8 to substrate molecules; phosphatidylethanolamine is a known substrate.

Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein APG12 to other proteins.

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.

The processes leading to the attainment of full functional capacity of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.

The chemical reactions involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.

Processes by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.

The promotion of an immune response by B cells through the secretion of antibodies and cytokines, and through antigen presentation to T cells.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive T cell.

Any of the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.

The rapid expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. Neuroblasts are embryonic cells which develop into nerve cells or neurons. As in, but not restricted to, the vertebrates (Vertebrata, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7742).

Processes by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus, as found in mammals.

Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma.