The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.

Interacting selectively with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.

A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue; may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.

extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation during replicative cell aging

extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circle accumulation during replicative cell aging

Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.

The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.

regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor differentiation.

negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of photoreceptor differentiation.

age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.