Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.

main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.

The breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into simpler components, including pyruvate.

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.

defense response to Gram-positive bacteria

defence response to Gram-positive bacteria

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of Gram-positive bacteria that act to protect the cell or organism.

The process by which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ = L-gamma-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+.

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two C02 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of fungi that act to protect the cell or organism.

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.